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Abstract
The current study has two objectives. First, to examine and discuss types of pragmatic competence or pragmatic knowledge that a speaker may possess. Second, to find out the vital role of pragmatic competence or pragmatic knowledge in linguistic communication. The method used in this research was library research. It was evident from the findings that pragmatic knowledge or pragmatic competence must include the knowledge of implicature, presupposition, speech acts, reference, deixis, definiteness and indefiniteness and their use in linguistic communication. A conclusion was also drawn that pragmatic knowledge or pragmatic competence had a vital role in language acquisition or language learning. A lack of pragmatic knowledge may lead to pragmatic failure, i.e., the inability to understand what the speaker means with his words in actual linguistic communication.
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References
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- http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/sheroz_ramzan/types-of-presupposition-62498362.
- https://glossary.sil.org/term/reference.
References
Barron, A. (2003). Acquisition in interlanguage pragmatics; Learning how to do things with words in a study abroad context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Bardovi-Harlig, J., K., Felix-Brasdefer, C., Omar, A. S. (2006). Pragmatics and language Learning, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Basra, S.W., & Thoyyibah, L. (2017). A speech act analysis of teacher talks in an EFL classroom. International Journal of Education, 10(1), 73-81.
Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Chen, C. (2019). An analysis of cooperative principle in Chinese food TV commercials. International Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research. 7(6). 60-68.
Fromkin, V., Robert, R., & Nina, H. (2009). An introduction to language. Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Gass, Susan M. (2013). Second language acquisition: An introductory course. New York: Routledge.
George, M.W. (2008). The elements of library research: What every student needs to know. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Grice, H.P. (2006). Logic and conversation. In Adam Jaworski & Nikolas Coupland (Eds). The discourse reader, 2nd Ed. 66-70. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Grundy, P. (2000). DoingpPragmatics. New York: Arnold Publisher.
Horn R. L., & Gregory.W. (2006). The handbook of pragmatics. Charlton: Blackwell Publishing.
Kasper, G. & Roever, C. (2005). Pragmatics in second language learning. In Eli Hinkel (ed.). Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning, pp. 317-334. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associations.
Kasper, G. (2001). Four perspectives on L2 pragmatic development. Applied Linguistics, 22(4), 502-530.
Kasper, G., & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language.
Krisnawati, E. (2011). Pragmatic competence in the spoken English classroom. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1 (1), 105-115.
Leech, G.N. (2016). Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Routledge.
Marbun, R.R, Pasaribu, T, & Pasaribu, D. (2015). An analysis of presupposition on President Barack Obama’s speech on his first and second inaugural addresses,158-190.
McCabe, David R. (2011). How to Kill things with words. New York, MASS: T&T Clark International.
Mey, J. L. (2001). Pragmatics an introduction. Blackwell: Publisher Inc. Massachusetts.
Michigan: Blackwell.
Murray, N. (2009). Pragmatics, awareness raising, and the cooperative principle. ELT Journal, 64(3), 293-301.
Nuridin, W. (2018). Developing pragmatic competence of Indonesian EFL learners through teaching speech acts of oral and written complaints. Englisia, 6(1), 27-34.
O'Keeffe, A., Clancy, B., Adolphs, S. (2011). Introducing pragmatics in use. New York: Routledge.
Pilar, M., S., J. (2005). Third language learner: Pragmatics production and awareness. Canada: Multilingual Matters Ltd.
Smith, B. (2003). John Searle: A contemporary philosophy in focus. London, Cambridge University Press.
Taguchi, N. (2009). Pragmatic competence in Japanese as a second language: An introduction. In N. Taguchi (Ed.), Pragmatic competence, pp. 1-18. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Tutuarima, Z., Nuraeningsih, & Rusiana. (2018). An analysis of speech act used in “London Has Fallen” movie. Vision: Journal for Language and Foreign Language Learning, 7(2), 160-169.
Watts, R. J. (2003). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weir, Cyril, J. (2005). Language testing and validation: An evidence-based approach. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Yule, G. (2010). The study of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
http://www.slideshare.net/mobile/sheroz_ramzan/types-of-presupposition-62498362.